We demonstrated that they probably also left behind a background of detectable gravitational ripples to let us know,” says paper co-author Graham White, a postdoctoral fellow at TRIUMF.
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When the Universe might have been a trillion to a quadrillion times hotter than the hottest place in the Universe today, neutrinos are likely to have behaved in just the way we require to ensure our survival.
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“The recent discovery of gravitational waves opens up a new opportunity to look back further to a time, as the Universe is transparent to gravity all the way back to the beginning. These could be detected by future space-borne observatories such as LISA, BBO (European Space Agency) or DECIGO (Japanese Astronautical Exploration Agency) for nearly all possible critical temperatures. Just like a superconductor, the phase transition in the early Universe may have created a very thin tube of magnetic fields called cosmic strings,” explains paper co-author Hitoshi Murayama, MacAdams Professor of Physics at the University of California, Berkeley, Principal Investigator at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, and senior faculty scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.ĭror and Murayama are part of a team of researchers from Japan, US and Canada who believe the cosmic strings then try to simplify themselves, leading up to tiny wobbling of spacetime called gravitational waves. It is the basis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for cancer diagnosis or maglev technology that floats a train so that it can run at 300 miles an hour without causing dizziness. When a certain metal is cooled to a low temperature, it loses electrical resistance completely by a phase transition, becoming a superconductor. The behavior of matter changes at specific temperatures called critical temperature. “A phase transition is like boiling water to vapor, or cooling water to ice. A theory many researchers support is that the Universe went through a phase transition so that neutrinos could reshuffle matter and anti-matter. Neutrinos are the only electrical neutral matter particles we know, and they are the strongest contender to do this job. Since matter and anti-matter have the opposite electrical charges, they cannot turn into each other, unless they are electrical neutral. This makes the fundamental question of ‘why are we here?’ difficult to answer,” says paper co-author Jeff Dror, postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, Berkeley, and physics researcher at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
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“The Universe becomes opaque to light once we look back to around a million years after its birth. But it has remained a complete mystery when and how the imbalance was created. The imbalance needed is only a part in a billion. To overcome a complete annihilation, the Universe must have turned a small amount of anti-matter into matter creating an imbalance between them. If it had stayed that way, matter and anti-matter should have eventually met and annihilated one to one, leading up to a complete annihilation.īut our existence contradicts this theory. According to the Big Bang theory of modern cosmology, matter was created with an equal amount of anti-matter.
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How we were saved from a complete annihilation is not a question in science fiction or a Hollywood movie. Recently discovered ripples of spacetime called gravitational waves could contain evidence to prove the theory that life survived the Big Bang because of a phase transition that allowed neutrino particles to reshuffle matter and anti-matter, explains a new study by an international team of researchers. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU)